Posted on 30.12.2011
On how large and populous is China, on so tumultuous and tangled is its history, which almost coincides in duration with human history, starting 780,000 years ago with
Peking Man, whose fossils were discovered near of
Beijing, its current capital and one of the
Seven Ancient Capitals of China. The oldest surviving relics in Beijing date to the
Liao Dynasty, which set up a secondary capital on modern Beijing's location in 938, calling it Nanjing (southern capital). In 1125
Emperor Hailingwang of the
Jin Dynasty conquered Liao, and moved its capital to Liao's Nanjing in 1153, calling it Zhongdu (central capital). Mongol forces burned Zhongdu to the ground in 1215.
Kublai Khan began to rebuild the city in 1264, and in 1272 he made it his capital, the city retaining this status throughout the
Yuan Dynasty under the name Dadu (great capital - Cambuluc in
Marco Polo's accounts), until 1368, when the first emperor of the
Ming Dynasty razed the Yuan palaces to the ground and changed the name of the city in Beiping (northern peace). In 1403 the
Yongle Emperor renamed the city Beijing (northern capital - Peking in English), and designated it the co-capital, alongside the Nanjing, for that onwards from 1421 to become the "official" capital of the Ming Dynasty, also known as Jingshi. When
Dorgon established the
Qing Dynasty as the direct successor of the Ming, in 1644, Beijing remained China's capital.
I stop here with history, because one of the Qing Dynasty emperors, namely
Qianlong, was the one who commissioned work for what was to become the
Summer Palace, the most celebrated imperial garden in China, dominated by Longevity Hill and the Kunming Lake. The Summer Palace started out life as the Garden of Clear Ripples in 1750, and it received the current name,
Yihe Yuan, in 1888. Artisans reproduced there the garden architecture styles of various palaces in China, and Kunming Lake was created by extending an existing body of water to imitate the West Lake in Hangzhou. The palace complex suffered two major attacks, during the Anglo-French invasion of 1860 (in the
Second Opium War), and during the
Boxer Rebellion, in 1900. The garden survived and was rebuilt in 1886 and 1902.
The Long Corridor (
Cháng Láng - in the first postcar) was erected in 1750 and it’s famous for its length (728 m) in conjunction with its rich painted decoration (more than 14,000 paintings). A wonderful place to spend an hour a day, every time admiring another painting. It takes many years, and probably none of the emperors hasn't seen it all. Maybe only
Empress Dowager Cixi to be done it in those 47 years (1861-1908) in which led de facto China, especially that she loved so much the palace that diverted 30 million taels of silver, designated for the Chinese navy, into the reconstruction and enlargement of it.
The corridor, which leads from the east westwards along the northern shore of Kunming Lake, from the Gate for Greeting the Moon (
Yao Yue Men) to the foot of the Longevity Hill, was constructed by Qianlong Emperor so that his mother could enjoy a walk through the garden protected from the elements. Along its course, there are four octagonal pavilions with double eaves, two on each side of the Cloud-Dispelling Gate (
Pai Yun Men), that marks the center. They symbolize the four seasons and are named (from east to west):
Liu Jia (retaining the goodness),
Ji Lan (living with the ripples),
Qiu Shui (autumn water), and
Qing Yao (clear and far). The 14,000 paintings depict episodes from Chinese classical literature, folk tales, historical and legendary figures, and famous Chinese buildings and landscapes along with flowers, birds, fish, and insects.
As a part of the Summer Palace, the Long Corridor was included on the UNESCO World Heritage List in December, 1998, under the name
Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing. Also has been recorded in 1992 in the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest of its kind in the world.
Added on 20.05.2012
Near the western end of the Long Corridor is the Marble Boat (in the second postcard), also known as the Boat of Purity and Ease (
Qing Yan Fǎng),
a pavilion on the southernmost edge of a peninsula, on the northwestern
shore of Kunming Lake. The marble base was built in 1755, during the
reign of the
Qianlong Emperor, and originally had a Chinese style timber suprastructure. This was destroyed in 1860, during the
Second Opium War, and rebuilt in 1893, on order of the
Empress Dowager Cixi, in the style of a western style Mississippi paddle-steamer with stained glass windows.
