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2189 The map of Saint Barthélemy (1) |
Posted on 05.01.2016, 24.08.2016, 28.08.2016
Saint-Barthélemy, officially the Territorial collectivity of Saint-Barthélemy, is an
overseas collectivity of
France, located about 35km southeast of
Saint Martin and north of
St. Kitts. Often abbreviated to Saint-Barth in French, or St. Barths in English, the indigenous people called the island Ouanalao. It was for many years a French commune forming part of
Guadeloupe, but in 2003 the island voted in favour of secession from Guadeloupe.
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2705 The map of Saint Barthélemy (2) |
Columbus was the first European to encounter the island in 1493, and named it after his brother. By 1648, it was settled from St. Christopher (Saint Kitts), but the settlement was destroyed by
Caribs six years later. In 1674 it became part of the
French Kingdom. There was a very brief takeover by the British in 1758, and in 1784 it was given to
Sweden in exchange for trade rights in
Gothenburg. This change of control saw progress and prosperity as the Swedes declared
Gustavia a free port.
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2710 The map of Saint Barthélemy (3) |
Slavery was practiced in St. Barthélemy between 1787 and 1847. In 1852, a devastating hurricane hit the island and this was followed by a fire. Following a referendum in 1877, Sweden gave the island back to France in 1878, after which it was administered as part of Guadeloupe. On 19 March 1946, the people of the island became French citizens with full rights, and in 1961 the island received electricity. In nowadays it has a high standard of living, due to the international investment and the wealth generated by wealthy tourists.
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2711 Aerial view of Saint Barthélemy |
Saint Barthélemy is a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, which has a population of 9,035.
Morne du Vitet, 286 m in height, is the highest peak in the island. Its capital is Gustavia, which also contains the main harbour of the island. Some small satellite islets belong to St. Barthélemy. Although it is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for a significant length of time, the language, cuisine, and culture are distinctly French.