3451 NEW ZEALAND (North Island) - Cape Egmont Lighthouse and Mount Taranaki

This lighthouse was built in London in 1864. A year later, the cast-iron segments were shipped to New Zealand and assembled on Mana Island, north of Wellington, near Cook Strait. Because it was sometimes confused with the Pencarrow Head light at the entrance to Wellington Harbour, which led to several shipping accidents, it was dismantled and moved to Cape Egmont, close to the volcanic cone of Mount Taranaki. The huge cast iron sections would have been ferried ashore by surfboats, then dragged up to the site by bullock teams.

3331 SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS - Mount Liamuiga in Saint Kitts

3331 Aerial view of Mount Liamuiga, Brimstone Hill and Sandy Point Town

Named until 1983 Mount Misery, Mount Liamuiga is a 1,156-m stratovolcano which forms the western part of the island of Saint Kitts. The peak, topped by a 1 km wide summit crater, which contained a shallow crater lake until 1959, is the highest point on the island. The last verified eruptions from the volcano were about 1,800 years ago, while reports of possible eruptions in 1692 and 1843 are considered uncertain. The mountain sides are covered in farmland and small villages up to the 460 m height, after which lush tropical rainforests drape the slopes until cloud forest takes over at 900 m.

3050 TANZANIA - Mount Meru

Located 70km west of Mount Kilimanjaro, just north of the city of Arusha, Mount Meru is a dormant stratovolcano, which constitutes the topographic centerpiece of Arusha National Park. At a height of 4,562.13m, it is visible from Mount Kilimanjaro on a clear day, and is the second-highest mountain in Tanzania, and the fifth in Africa. Its fertile slopes rise above the surrounding savanna and support a forest that hosts diverse wildlife, including nearly 400 species of birds, and also monkeys and leopards.

3001 PERU (Arequipa) - Historical Centre of the City of Arequipa (UNESCO WHS)

3001 Basilica Cathedral of Arequipa and volcano Misti

Founded in 1540 in a valley that had been intensively farmed by pre-Hispanic communities, Arequipa was highly important during the Colonial period, and after Peru gained its independence from Spain, was declared the capital city of Peru from 1835 to 1883. The historic centre of Arequipa, built in volcanic sillar rock (white and pink), represents an integration of European and native building techniques and characteristics, expressed in the work of colonial masters and Criollo and Indian masons, the result being a unique style called Escuela Arequipeña.

2772 ITALY (Campania) - Mount Vesuvius

2772 Vesuvius in 1941

Mount Vesuvius is a stratovolcano in the Gulf of Naples, about 9km east of Naples and a short distance from the shore. It is one of volcanoes which form the Campanian volcanic arc, and consists of a large cone partially encircled by the steep rim of a summit caldera caused by the collapse of an earlier much higher structure. It is best known for its eruption in AD 79 that led to the burying and destruction of the Roman cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and several other settlements. Vesuvius has erupted many times since and is the only volcano on the European mainland to have erupted within the last hundred years.

2350 RUSSIA (Kamchatka Krai) - Volcanoes of Kamchatka (UNESCO WHS)

2350 Koryaksky volcano in Kamchatka

The Kamchatka River and the surrounding central side valley are flanked by large volcanic belts containing around 160 volcanoes, 29 of them still active. This is one of the most outstanding volcanic regions in the world, with a high density of active volcanoes, a variety of types, and a wide range of related features. 29 active volcanoes, grouped in six sites, were included among UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The sites contain also great species diversity, including the world's largest variety of salmonoid fish and exceptional concentrations of sea otter, brown bear and Stellar's sea eagle.

2337 ROMANIA (Harghita) - Lake Sfânta Ana

Lake Sfânta Ana (Hungarian: Szent Anna-tó, meaning "Saint Anne Lake" in both languages) is the only crater lake in Romania, located in the crater of an extinct volcano, named Ciomatu Mare, in Eastern Carpathians, at an altitude of 946m. With an almost circular shape, similar to a painter's palette, has a length of 620m and a maximum width of 460m, an area of 19.50ha and a maximum depth of 6.4m. It is a complex reserve (natural, geological, floristic and faunistic), linked with Băile Tuşnad by trails.

2321 JAPAN (Kantō) - Minato Mirai 21 in Yokohama

2321 Minato Mirai 21 in Yokohama, with Landmark Tower
in center and Mount Fuji in background

When Japan emerged from centuries of isolation in the mid-19th century, Yokohama was a tiny fishing village, home to only 100 people or so. But as the tide of internationalization rose, a port was established and Yokohama began to grow as a gateway to Japan. Yokohama is now a leading international trading port, the second largest city in Japan after Tokyo. Situated just a short distance along the coast from the Japanese capital, Yokohama is now a magnet for tourists.

2143 CHILE (Arica y Parinacota) - Lauca National Park

Located in Chile's far north, in the Andean range, Lauca National Park encompasses an area of 1,379 km2 of altiplano and mountains, and borders Las Vicuñas National Reservee and  Sajama National Park in Bolivia. One of the main attractions of the park is the small lacustrine area formed by Chungará and Cotacotani lakes, which lies at the foothills of the Payachata volcanic group.

2097 COMOROS - Mount Karthala

Mount Karthala is an active volcano and the highest point of the Comoros at 2,361m above sea level. It is the southernmost and larger of the two shield volcanoes forming Grande Comore island, the largest island in the nation of Comoros. It is very active, having erupted more than 20 times since the 19th century. Frequent eruptions have shaped the volcano’s 3 km by 4 km summit caldera.

2078 JAPAN (Kyūshū) - Sakurajima Volcano

Sakurajima (lit. "Cherry Island") is an active stratovolcano and a former island, which was connected with the Osumi Peninsula through the lava flows of the 1914 eruption. The volcanic activity still continues, dropping large amounts of volcanic ash on the surroundings. As of September 2015, the volcano is under a Level 3 (orange) alert by the Japan Meteorological Agency. The summit of Sakurajima has three peaks, Kita-dake (northern peak, the highest - 1,117m), Naka-dake (central peak) and Minami-dake (southern peak) which is active now.

2034, 2035 UNITED STATES (Hawaii) - Mauna Kea

Mauna Kea, also called Mauna a Wākea in Hawaiian culture, is a dormant volcano on the island of Hawaii, standing at 4,205m. Much of the mountain is under water; when measured from its oceanic base, Mauna Kea is over 10,000m tall, significantly taller than Mount Everest. It is about a million years old, and last erupted 6,000 to 4,000 years ago. In Hawaiian mythology, the peaks of the island of Hawaii are sacred, and Mauna Kea is the most sacred of all.

1812 CHILE (Antofagasta) - Licancabur volcano

Located on the southernmost part of the border between Chile and Bolivia, just southwest of Laguna Verde in Bolivia, Licancabur (5,916 m), a highly symmetrical stratovolcano, dominates the landscape of the Salar de Atacama area. The lower two thirds of the northeastern slope of the volcano belong to Bolivia, while the rest and biggest part, including the crater, belong to Chile. It contains Licancabur Lake, one of the highest lakes in the world, which is ice-covered most of the year. He didn't erupted in the last 500-1000 years. The word Licancabur is the Castilianization of a Kunza name used by the Atacameño Likan-antay people to refer to the volcano: lican (people) and cabur (mountain), thus meaning "Mountain of the People".

1367 PAPUA NEW GUINEA (East New Britain) - Tavurvur volcano

Tavurvur is an active stratovolcano that lies near Rabaul, on the island of New Britain, the largest island in the Bismarck Archipelago. It is a sub-vent of the Rabaul caldera and lies on the eastern rim of the larger feature. An eruption of the volcano largely destroyed the nearby town of Rabaul in 1994. It is the most active volcano in Rabaul caldera, and the latest eruption began on 29 August 2014, prompting concerns over disruption of flights in Australian airspace due to the large ash clouds. Communities near the volcano were evacuated, while residents of the town of Rabaul were advised to remain indoors to avoid falling ash.

1344 VANUATU (Tanna Island) - Yasur Volcano

"Opened in May 2005, the postal outlet on Tanna Island's Mt Yasur is recognised as the only post box in the world on a live volcano. Known as Volcano Post, this follows the famous Underwater Post Office in the second of Vanuatu Post's Xtreme series of unique and innovative postal facilities where official mail is collected, specially postmarked and sent throughout the world. The incredible postal locations enable visitors to mail home memories of Vanuatu's breathtaking sights and adventures. [...] All mail receives a unique Volcano Post cancellation, which will become sought-after items amongst the world's stamp collectors. [...] Imagine showing your friends a postcard from  the Volcano Post Box, which was sent to you just a lava rock's throw from molten lava with temperatures over 1000°C!" Between you and me, if they strove to open a post office on a volcano, they could apply the postmarks in a correct way, not randomly and incomplete.

1342 JAPAN (Kyūshū) - Mount Aso

Mount Aso, located in Aso Kujū National Park, is the largest active volcano in Japan, and is among the largest in the world, with one of the largest calderas (25km north-south and 18km east-west), which contains the city of of Aso as well as Aso Takamori-cho and South Aso-mura. The central cone group consists of five peaks: Mt. Neko, Mt. Taka (the highest, with 1592m), Mt. Naka (also called Nakadake or Naka-Dake), Mt. Eboshi, and Mt. Kishima. Only the northernmost crater has been active for the last 70 years, last time in 2011. Viewpoints from the somma overlooking the caldera are perched upon lava formed before the volcanic activity which created the present caldera. Ejecta from the huge caldera eruption 90,800 years ago covers more than 600 km³ and roughly equals the volume of Mt. Fuji; it is presumed that the pyroclastic flow plateau covered half of the island of Kyūshū.

1301-1305 UNITED STATES (Hawaii) - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (UNESCO WHS)

1301 Fountaining and lava flow
from the Puʻu ʻŌʻō on January 31, 1984

The Hawaiian islands were (and continue to be) continuously formed from volcanic activity initiated at an undersea magma source called a hotspot. As the tectonic plate beneath much of the Pacific Ocean moves to the northwest, the hot spot remains stationary, slowly creating new volcanoes. Due to the hotspot’s location, the only active volcanoes are located around the southern half of the Big Island. In 1916, this area, which encompasses Kīlauea, one of the world's most active volcanoes, and Mauna Loa, the world's most massive subaerial volcano, was designated national park.

1302 Kilauea - Halemaumau fire pit eruption, December 26, 1967

Volcanic eruptions have created a constantly changing landscape, and the lava flows reveal surprising geological formations. For visitors, the park offers dramatic volcanic landscapes as well as glimpses of rare flora and fauna. Climates range from lush tropical rain forests, to the arid and barren Kaʻū Desert. The park is also rich in archaeological remains particularly along 'the coast with native villages, temples, graves, paved trails, canoe landings, petroglyphs, shelter caves and agricultural areas. Extensive ruins of stone structures dating back to the time of Pa'ao (a high priest) in 1275 are present.

1303 Kilauea lava show

Mauna Loa, meaning Long Mountain in Hawaiian, has probably been erupting for at least 700,000 years, and may have emerged above sea level about 400,000 years ago. Mauna Loa is a typical shield volcano in form, taking the shape of a long, broad dome extending down to the ocean floor. Lava eruptions from Mauna Loa are silica-poor, and very fluid; eruptions tend to be non-explosive and the volcano has relatively shallow slopes. Its most recent eruption occurred from March 24 to April 15, 1984. No recent eruptions of the volcano have caused fatalities.

1304 Kilauea and Mauna Loa

Kīlauea, at 300,000 to 600,000 years old and going above sea level about 100,000 years ago, it is the second youngest product of the Hawaiian hotspot and the current eruptive center of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain. Because it lacks topographic prominence and its activities historically coincided with those of Mauna Loa, Kīlauea was once thought to be a satellite of its much larger neighbor. Structurally, Kīlauea has a large, fairly recently formed caldera at its summit and two active rift zones. Its entire known history has been an active volcano. Kīlauea's current eruption dates back to January 3, 1983, and is one of the longest-lived eruptions in the world.

1305 Kilauea and Mauna Loa

 

Puʻu ʻŌʻō, often translated as "Hill of the ʻŌʻō Bird", is a cinder cone in the eastern rift zone of the Kīlauea volcano which has been erupting continuously since January 3, 1983. By January 2005, 2.7 cubic kilometers of magma covered an area of more than 117 square kilometers and added 0.93 square kilometers of land to the Southeast coast of Hawaiʻi. So far, the eruption has claimed 189 buildings and 14 kilometers of highways, as well as a church, a store, the Wahaʻula Visitor Center, and many ancient Hawaiian sites, including the Wahaʻula heiau.

1183 UNITED KINGDOM (Montserrat) - The eruption of Soufrière Hills volcano

Montserrat, nicknamed The Emerald Isle of the Caribbean, is a British Overseas Territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands known as the Lesser Antilles, at approximately 480km east-southeast of Puerto Rico and 48km southwest of Antigua. In July 1995, Soufrière Hills volcano, a complex stratovolcano with many lava domes forming its summit, dormant for centuries, erupted and buried the island's capital, Plymouth, in more than 12m of mud, destroyed its airport and docking facilities, and rendered the southern part of the island uninhabitable. After the destruction of Plymouth and disruption of the economy, more than half of the population left the island, which lacked housing. The volcano is andesitic in nature and the current pattern of activity includes periods of dome growth, punctuated by brief episodes of dome collapse which result in pyroclastic flows, ash venting, and explosive eruption.

0924 GREECE (South Aegean) - The volcanic island Nisyros

Located in Aegean Sea, between Kos and Tilos, the volcanic island Nisyros is part of the Dodecanese group of islands and has a shape approximately round, with a diameter of about 8km. According to Greek mythology, it was formed when Poseidon cut off a part of Kos and threw it onto the giant Polybotes to stop him from escaping. From geological point of view,  was constructed within the past 150,000 years, with 3 separate eruptive stages, ranging from explosive and effusive andesitic eruptions to effusive and extrusive dacitic and rhyolitic activity.

0826 ECUADOR - Tungurahua - part of Sangay National Park (UNESCO WHS)

The stratovolcano Tungurahua (from Quichua tunguri - throat, and rahua - fire), located in the Cordillera Oriental of the Andes of central Ecuador, 140km south of Quito, has restarted its activity on August 19, 1999, and is ongoing as of 2013, with several major eruptions since that period, the last starting on 15 July 2013. With its elevation of 5,023 m, Tungurahua just over tops the snow line, so its top is snow covered and did feature a small summit. Its eruptions are strombolian, accompanied by strong explosions, pyroclastic flows and sometimes lava flows.